Apache HttpClient - 代理认证
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简述
在本章中,我们将学习如何创建一个使用用户名和密码进行身份验证的 HttpRequest,并使用一个示例将其通过代理传送到目标主机。 -
第 1 步 - 创建 CredentialsProvider 对象
CredentialsProvider 接口维护一个集合来保存用户登录凭据。您可以通过实例化该接口的默认实现 BasicCredentialsProvider 类来创建其对象。CredentialsProvider credentialsPovider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
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第 2 步 - 设置凭据
您可以使用 setCredentials() 方法为 CredentialsProvider 对象设置所需的凭据。此方法接受两个对象 --
AuthScope object - 指定主机名、端口号和身份验证方案名称等详细信息的身份验证范围。
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凭据对象 - 指定凭据(用户名、密码)。使用 setCredentials() 方法为主机和代理设置凭据,如下所示。
credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("example.com", 80), new UsernamePasswordCredentials("user", "mypass")); credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("localhost", 8000), new UsernamePasswordCredentials("abc", "passwd"));
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第 3 步 - 创建一个 HttpClientBuilder 对象
使用 HttpClients 的 custom() 方法创建一个 HttpClientBuilder类如下图-//创建HttpClientBuilder HttpClientBuilder clientbuilder = HttpClients.custom();
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第 4 步 - 设置 CredentialsProvider
您可以使用 setDefaultCredentialsProvider() 方法将 CredentialsProvider 对象设置为 HttpClientBuilder 对象。将之前创建的 CredentialsProvider 对象传递给此方法。clientbuilder = clientbuilder.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credsProvider);
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第 5 步 - 构建 CloseableHttpClient
使用 build() 方法构建 CloseableHttpClient 对象。CloseableHttpClient httpclient = clientbuilder.build();
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第 6 步 - 创建代理和目标主机
通过实例化 HttpHost 类来创建目标和代理主机。//创建目标和代理主机 HttpHost 目标 = new HttpHost("example.com", 80, "http"); HttpHost 代理 = new HttpHost("localhost", 8000, "http");
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第 7 步 - 设置代理并构建 RequestConfig 对象
使用 custom() 方法创建一个 RequestConfig.Builder 对象。使用 setProxy() 方法将先前创建的 proxyHost 对象设置为 RequestConfig.Builder。最后,使用 build() 方法构建 RequestConfig 对象。RequestConfig.Builder reqconfigconbuilder= RequestConfig.custom(); reqconfigconbuilder = reqconfigconbuilder.setProxy(proxyHost); RequestConfig 配置 = reqconfigconbuilder.build();
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第 8 步 - 创建一个 HttpGet 请求对象并为其设置配置对象。
通过实例化 HttpGet 类创建一个 HttpGet 对象。使用 setConfig() 方法将上一步创建的配置对象设置为此对象。//创建HttpGet请求对象 HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("/"); //将配置设置为请求 httpget.setConfig(config);
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第 9 步 - 执行请求
通过将 HttpHost 对象(目标)和请求(HttpGet)作为参数传递给 execute() 方法来执行请求。HttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(targetHost, httpget);
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示例
以下示例演示如何使用用户名和密码通过代理执行 HTTP 请求。import org.apache.http.HttpHost; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope; import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials; import org.apache.http.client.CredentialsProvider; import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCredentialsProvider; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; public class ProxyAuthenticationExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //Creating the CredentialsProvider object CredentialsProvider credsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider(); //Setting the credentials credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("example.com", 80), new UsernamePasswordCredentials("user", "mypass")); credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("localhost", 8000), new UsernamePasswordCredentials("abc", "passwd")); //Creating the HttpClientBuilder HttpClientBuilder clientbuilder = HttpClients.custom(); //Setting the credentials clientbuilder = clientbuilder.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credsProvider); //Building the CloseableHttpClient object CloseableHttpClient httpclient = clientbuilder.build(); //Create the target and proxy hosts HttpHost targetHost = new HttpHost("example.com", 80, "http"); HttpHost proxyHost = new HttpHost("localhost", 8000, "http"); //Setting the proxy RequestConfig.Builder reqconfigconbuilder= RequestConfig.custom(); reqconfigconbuilder = reqconfigconbuilder.setProxy(proxyHost); RequestConfig config = reqconfigconbuilder.build(); //Create the HttpGet request object HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("/"); //Setting the config to the request httpget.setConfig(config); //Printing the status line HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(targetHost, httpget); System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); } }
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输出
在执行时,上面的程序生成以下输出 -HTTP/1.1 200 OK