如何实现装饰器设计模式
下面提到的代码是如何在 Python 中实现装饰器设计模式的简单演示。插图涉及以课堂形式展示咖啡店。创建的咖啡类是一个抽象类,这意味着它不能被实例化。
import six
from abc import ABCMeta
@six.add_metaclass(ABCMeta)
class Abstract_Coffee(object):
def get_cost(self):
pass
def get_ingredients(self):
pass
def get_tax(self):
return 0.1*self.get_cost()
class Concrete_Coffee(Abstract_Coffee):
def get_cost(self):
return 1.00
def get_ingredients(self):
return 'coffee'
@six.add_metaclass(ABCMeta)
class Abstract_Coffee_Decorator(Abstract_Coffee):
def __init__(self,decorated_coffee):
self.decorated_coffee = decorated_coffee
def get_cost(self):
return self.decorated_coffee.get_cost()
def get_ingredients(self):
return self.decorated_coffee.get_ingredients()
class Sugar(Abstract_Coffee_Decorator):
def __init__(self,decorated_coffee):
Abstract_Coffee_Decorator.__init__(self,decorated_coffee)
def get_cost(self):
return self.decorated_coffee.get_cost()
def get_ingredients(self):
return self.decorated_coffee.get_ingredients() + ', sugar'
class Milk(Abstract_Coffee_Decorator):
def __init__(self,decorated_coffee):
Abstract_Coffee_Decorator.__init__(self,decorated_coffee)
def get_cost(self):
return self.decorated_coffee.get_cost() + 0.25
def get_ingredients(self):
return self.decorated_coffee.get_ingredients() + ', milk'
class Vanilla(Abstract_Coffee_Decorator):
def __init__(self,decorated_coffee):
Abstract_Coffee_Decorator.__init__(self,decorated_coffee)
def get_cost(self):
return self.decorated_coffee.get_cost() + 0.75
def get_ingredients(self):
return self.decorated_coffee.get_ingredients() + ', vanilla'
咖啡店抽象类的实现是用一个单独的文件完成的,如下所述 -
import coffeeshop
myCoffee = coffeeshop.Concrete_Coffee()
print('Ingredients: '+myCoffee.get_ingredients()+
'; Cost: '+str(myCoffee.get_cost())+'; sales tax = '+str(myCoffee.get_tax()))
myCoffee = coffeeshop.Milk(myCoffee)
print('Ingredients: '+myCoffee.get_ingredients()+
'; Cost: '+str(myCoffee.get_cost())+'; sales tax = '+str(myCoffee.get_tax()))
myCoffee = coffeeshop.Vanilla(myCoffee)
print('Ingredients: '+myCoffee.get_ingredients()+
'; Cost: '+str(myCoffee.get_cost())+'; sales tax = '+str(myCoffee.get_tax()))
myCoffee = coffeeshop.Sugar(myCoffee)
print('Ingredients: '+myCoffee.get_ingredients()+
'; Cost: '+str(myCoffee.get_cost())+'; sales tax = '+str(myCoffee.get_tax()))
输出
上述程序生成以下输出 -