R 语言 数组
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数组
数组数组是R个数据对象,可以存储二维以上的数据。例如-如果我们创建维度为(2、3、4)的数组,则它将创建4个矩形矩阵,每个矩阵有2行3列。数组只能存储数据类型。使用array()函数创建一个数组。它以向量为输入,并使用dim参数中的值创建一个数组。下面的示例创建一个包含两个3x3矩阵的数组,每个矩阵具有3行3列。
尝试一下# Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) # Take these vectors as input to the array. result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2)) print(result)
当我们执行以上代码时,它产生以下结果-, , 1 [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 5 10 13 [2,] 9 11 14 [3,] 3 12 15 , , 2 [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 5 10 13 [2,] 9 11 14 [3,] 3 12 15
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命名列和行
我们可以使用dimnames参数为数组中的行,列和矩阵命名。
尝试一下# Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) column.names <- c("COL1","COL2","COL3") row.names <- c("ROW1","ROW2","ROW3") array.names <- c("Matrix1","Matrix2") # Take these vectors as input to the array. result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2),dimnames = list(row.names,column.names, array.names)) print(result)
当我们执行以上代码时,它产生以下结果-, , Matrix1 COL1 COL2 COL3 ROW1 5 10 13 ROW2 9 11 14 ROW3 3 12 15 , , Matrix2 COL1 COL2 COL3 ROW1 5 10 13 ROW2 9 11 14 ROW3 3 12 15
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访问数组元素
尝试一下# Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) column.names <- c("COL1","COL2","COL3") row.names <- c("ROW1","ROW2","ROW3") array.names <- c("Matrix1","Matrix2") # Take these vectors as input to the array. result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2),dimnames = list(row.names, column.names, array.names)) # Print the third row of the second array of the array. print(result[3,,2]) # Print the element in the 1st row and 3rd column of the 1st array. print(result[1,3,1]) # Print the 2nd Matrix. print(result[,,2])
当我们执行以上代码时,它产生以下结果-COL1 COL2 COL3 3 12 15 [1] 13 COL1 COL2 COL3 ROW1 5 10 13 ROW2 9 11 14 ROW3 3 12 15
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操纵数组元素
由于数组是由多维组成的矩阵,因此对数组元素的操作是通过访问矩阵的元素来执行的。
尝试一下# Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) # Take these vectors as input to the array. array1 <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2)) # Create two vectors of different lengths. vector3 <- c(9,1,0) vector4 <- c(6,0,11,3,14,1,2,6,9) array2 <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2)) # create matrices from these arrays. matrix1 <- array1[,,2] matrix2 <- array2[,,2] # Add the matrices. result <- matrix1+matrix2 print(result) 当我们执行以上代码时,它
当我们执行以上代码时,它产生以下结果-[,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 10 20 26 [2,] 18 22 28 [3,] 6 24 30
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跨数组元素的计算
我们可以使用apply()函数对数组中的元素进行计算。apply(x, margin, fun)
以下是所用参数的描述-- x - 是一个数组。
- margin - 是使用的数据集的名称。
- fun - 是要应用于数组元素的函数。
我们使用下面的apply()函数来计算所有矩阵中数组行中元素的总和。
尝试一下# Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) # Take these vectors as input to the array. new.array <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2)) print(new.array) # Use apply to calculate the sum of the rows across all the matrices. result <- apply(new.array, c(1), sum) print(result)
当我们执行以上代码时,它产生以下结果-, , 1 [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 5 10 13 [2,] 9 11 14 [3,] 3 12 15 , , 2 [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 5 10 13 [2,] 9 11 14 [3,] 3 12 15 [1] 56 68 60